Industry: how the unmanned retail market is actually organised

Unmanned retail is not one market. It is at least four businesses wearing the same hardware: an equipment manufacturer selling to operators, an operator selling drinks to a building, a brand renting shelf space in someone else's lobby, and a distributor moving containers across borders. Margins, risk and contract length differ completely between them.

The articles below describe each layer with the numbers that matter at that layer: unit economics for the operator, acceptance criteria for the buyer, and the supply-chain questions that decide whether a brand can hold a site.