Tech insight: capsules and the AI layer

Two technology lines carry most of the difference between machines: how the raw material is packaged, and how the customer chooses. Capsules settle dose, hygiene and cleaning in one move, at the cost of supply-chain discipline. The AI layer settles menu paralysis, at the cost of extra integration work and a stricter privacy boundary.

This section collects the notes written for buyers and integrators rather than end users: what to specify, what to test, and which claims to ask a supplier to demonstrate on site.